Implementation Stages and Outcomes of a Livestock Farming Development Policy in Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia

Agricultural and livestock policies are vital for poverty reduction and food security in developing countries. This study evaluates the implementation and outcomes of the Farming and Livestock Business Development Project (PUTKATI) in Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia, focusing on how fidelity to program stages affects policy effectiveness. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, supported by triangulation and sub-district comparison. Results show that sub-districts such as Boliyohuto and Mootilango, which consistently followed all six stages—socialization, beneficiary identification, group formation, livestock distribution, veterinary support, and redistribution—achieved stronger group cohesion and improved household incomes. In contrast, Bongomeme and Tibawa showed weak compliance, limited veterinary support, and redistribution challenges, reducing program sustainability. From 2020 to 2024, Gorontalo’s poverty rate declined from 21.79% to 18.06%, indicating partial success. The study proposes a stage-based framework for evaluating agricultural policy effectiveness and emphasizes that institutional capacity, participatory governance, and procedural compliance matter more than policy design alone. It calls for future programs to embed participatory mechanisms and robust monitoring systems to strengthen sustainability and equity in rural development initiatives.