FLORISTIC AND ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF STONY AND GRAVEL VEGETATION IN THE MOUNTAIN AREAS OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC

This study investigates the floristic composition, ecological characteristics, and conservation significance of stony-rocky and gravelly vegetation in the high-mountain regions of Azerbaijan, including the Greater and Lesser Caucasus and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Petrophilic plant communities, though relatively poor in species richness, play a crucial role in soil formation, moisture retention, and the stability of mountain ecosystems. The research highlights the importance of pioneer species such as mosses and lichens in initiating vegetation cover, followed by the establishment of higher spore-bearing and flowering plants. Endemic species of the Caucasus, particularly within the Campanulaceae family, were identified as key representatives of rocky vegetation, underscoring their strategic role in maintaining genetic diversity and ecological resilience. Comparative analysis of different altitudinal zones revealed distinct phytocoenotic structures shaped by substrate composition and microclimatic conditions. The findings emphasize the necessity of continuous monitoring, ecological restoration, and protective measures to prevent degradation of these fragile ecosystems and to safeguard their biodiversity.