Accuracy and empathy of AI-based conversational chatbots in response to temporomandibular dysfunction related queries

AI chatbots show promise in providing accurate information regarding TMDs, but their ability to convey empathy remains limited. The observed differences in accuracy and empathy among the three AI chatbots examined are based on a limited dataset and should therefore be interpreted with caution. Current AI chatbots represent an intermediate stage of development, demonstrating adequate technical proficiency while remaining constrained in addressing the humanistic dimensions of patient care. Although empathy detection models may inform future development, significant challenges in empathetic communication persist.