SPR biosensor with a graphene overlayer for carcinoma detection
Early carcinoma detection benefits from label-free, high-sensitivity surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. We computationally evaluated multilayer SPR architectures based on CaF<sub>2</sub>/Cu/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Graphene using the transfer-matrix method at 633 nm. Across 1-5 ng/mL, we analyzed reflectance, resonance-angle shifts, and near-field profiles, and derived sensitivity, detection accuracy (DA), figure of merit, and the limit of detection (LOD). The CaF<sub>2</sub>/Cu/TiO<sub>2</sub>/Graphene stack yielded the best performance, achieving 481.29°/RIU sensitivity and DA = 0.80, with pronounced evanescent-field confinement at the sensing interface. Under identical modeling conditions, this graphene-integrated configuration outperformed TiO<sub>2</sub>-only and Cu-only baselines within the studied range. These results indicate a cost-effective platform for sensitive carcinoma biomarker detection. Calculation details for LOD and other metrics are provided in Methods, and practical considerations for experimental realization are discussed.
Authors
- Cristian Vacacela Gómez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9248-9944)
- Talía Tene (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-6490)
- Lаla Gahramanli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-8578)
- Marco Salazar
- Katherine Tixi Gallegos
- R. F. Khankishiyeva
Institutions
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (EC)
- Baku State University (AZ)
- Nanomaterials Research (United States) (US)
- Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction (AZ)
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo (EC)
- Universidad Ecotec (EC)
- University of Calabria (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- Published
- 2026-02-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1789453
- Primary Topic
- Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00