Study of the Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture

Abstract Global climate change is a change in long-term weather patterns that characterizes regions of the world. The term weather refers to short-term (daily) changes in temperature, wind, and precipitation in a region. Climate change can affect agriculture in many ways, such as crop yield and quality in terms of production capacity growth rate, photosynthesis and evapotranspiration rates, etc. In areas where the temperature is already close to the physiological maximum for crops, the effect of rising temperatures immediately impacts yields. The negative impact of climate change on agriculture due to atmospheric changes is serious, and it is predicted to have a major impact on food production, thus threatening food security. Therefore, specific agricultural measures are needed to combat this. Climate change has emerged as one of the most critical challenges affecting agricultural sustainability and food security in India. Variations in temperature, rainfall patterns, and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and cyclones have significantly influenced crop productivity, soil health, water availability, livestock, fisheries, and pest dynamics. This study examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on Indian agriculture using secondary data sourced from published literature, research reports, and academic journals. The analysis highlights how rising temperatures reduce crop growth duration, alter photosynthesis and evapotranspiration rates, and increase vulnerability to pests and diseases.