Prevalence and Environmental Triggers of Migraine Headache Among Petroleum Industry Workers in Southern Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Migraine is one of the most prevalent types of headache worldwide, imposing a considerable financial and health burden. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of migraine and its environmental risk factors among workers inindustrial settings.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2022 among male workers at the South Pars Gas Complex in Iran. Participants were randomly recruited to complete a questionnaire that included demographic data, a standardized migraine diagnostic tool (based on the ICHD-3), and predisposing factors. Environmental and medical factors previously identified as potential triggers of migraine were examined in detail.Results: The overall prevalence of migraine was 14.9% (95% CI: 12.5–17.5; n=119/801), and probable migraine was 2.4% (95% CI: 1.4–3.7; n=19/801). Only a quarter of affected workers had been previously diagnosed or evaluated for migraine. Significant predictors of migraine included altitude difference between residence and workplace, poor sleep quality, and smoking. The most frequently reported triggers were weather (34.6% hot, 17.6% cold), sleep disturbances (27.5%), chemical odors (19.6%), stress (18.8%), and noise (7.2%). The most commonly used analgesic among participants was acetaminophen.Conclusion: Migraine appears to be more prevalent among industrial workers compared to the general population, with multiple environmental factors contributing to its occurrence.