Modulation and Reprogramming of Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity

Chronic inflammation associated with obesity drives metabolic dysfunctions and induces immune cell maintenance. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), the predominant immune population within adipose depots, exhibit substantial heterogeneity and serve as central pathological mediators in obesity-induced adipose inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we highlight the reprogramming of ATMs' metabolic pathways, including glucose and lipid homeostasis associated with obesity, with a focus on chronic metabolic inflammation. Additionally, we discuss underlying mechanisms supporting ATMs remodeling in obesity, including transcriptional control and epigenetic regulation.