An overview of electrochemical carbon dioxide conversion strategy

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ER) is gaining recognition as a promising strategy to reduce emissions and reutilize CO 2 , enabling the storage of renewable energy and the electrification of the chemical industry. Commercial implementation of this technology offers a viable pathway to convert CO 2 into valuable products and achieve carbon neutrality. Mostly, the strategic design and improvement of catalysts are vital for efficient and selective CO 2 electroreduction. The main stage in the implementation of successful processing is the selection of the final high-value C 1 and C 2+ products and, accordingly, the use of suitable catalysts. This review offers a thorough examination of the features and outcomes of applying diverse catalysts. The economic aspects of already applied technologies and an approach to effective development for the introduction of new processing methods are considered. The advantages and problems associated with the use of catalysts for electrochemical reduction reactions, as well as the main types of equipment used in this method, are considered. • CO₂ electroreduction uses renewable energy to turn CO₂ into valuable fuels and chemicals. • Scaling up needs better catalysts, lower overpotentials, and stable membranes. • Non-radioactive lanthanides are promising CO-producing catalysts but face challenges. • Precise product control is difficult; catalysts need stability in harsh conditions. • CO and formic acid are the main cost-competitive products from CO₂ER for now.