Environmental sustainability awareness, attitude and practices in dental education and clinical practices in Pakistan

Sustainability is gaining importance in dentistry, emphasizing eco-friendly practices to reduce waste and conserve resources. This study assessed Pakistani dental students’ awareness, attitude and practices related to environmentally sustainable dentistry (ESD). A cross-sectional survey of 202 students (mean age 22.27 ± 2.16 years; 59.4% male, 40.6% female) from seven dental colleges affiliated with Khyber Medical University was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Results showed 43.07% were slightly and 21.78% moderately familiar with environmentally sustainable dentistry (ESD), with clinical students demonstrating greater awareness (P = 0.014). Most recognized ESD’s importance (81.19%) and supported curriculum inclusion (80.69%, P = 0.027). However, engagement in sustainable practices like waste management remained low, with key barriers being lack of awareness (61.39%) and resources. While students exhibited moderate knowledge and positive attitudes, practical implementation was limited. Integrating ESD into curricula, hands-on training, and promoting eco-consciousness are essential. Targeted interventions can bridge gaps, aligning dental education with environmental sustainability.