Association between the Naples Prognostic Score and cognitive function in older adults: validation in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

Higher NPS scores are independently associated with executive dysfunction in older adults. Although this scoring system has limited specificity in differentiating dementia subtypes, it shows potential as a screening tool for identifying populations at high risk of executive dysfunction. This underscores the potential of interventions targeting underlying inflammatory and metabolic pathways as a transdiagnostic strategy. Nevertheless, the predictive utility of the NPS requires comprehensive validation through prospective studies.