COX7A1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction can induce ferroptosis in endometrial cancer cells

In endometrial cancer, research on ferroptosis is still in its nascent stages, yet its potential therapeutic value is becoming increasingly evident. We explore the impact of COX7A1 on mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in endometrial cancer. In this study, through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, differentially expressed genes related to ferroptosis in endometrial cancer were identified. In vitro experiments were conducted using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1 (COX7A1) overexpression and knockdown cell lines, followed by ferroptosis-related phenotypic assays to validate the effect of COX7A1 on the inhibition of endometrial cancer cell growth. Mechanistically, mitochondrial function-related parameters were assessed to explore the potential mechanisms by which COX7A1 induces ferroptosis. Online data analysis revealed that COX7A1 acts as a ferroptosis driver and is significantly downregulated in endometrial cancer tissues. In vitro experiments have demonstrated that overexpression of COX7A1 inhibits the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells and induces ferroptosis by regulating intracellular iron metabolism and mitochondrial function. The specific mechanisms include increasing intracellular Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio, and disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, COX7A1 overexpression significantly reduces the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11, while upregulating acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). In contrast, knockdown of COX7A1 promotes the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells and inhibits ferroptosis, exhibiting the opposite effects. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of endometrial cancer.