Untranslatable Arabic Lexemes

This study explores the phenomenon of untranslatability in Arabic-English translation, focusing on culturally embedded gharīb lexemes such as karāmah, ḥayāʾ, barakah, qadar, and ṣabr. The research highlights that these terms embody layers of moral, spiritual, and theological meanings that resist literal transfer into English. Using qualitative semantic and cultural analysis, the study demonstrates that untranslatability arises from the deep intertwining of language and worldview in Arab-Islamic culture. The findings reveal that literal translation often leads to semantic loss, while adaptive strategies—such as explanatory paraphrase, partial retention, and footnoting—better preserve meaning and cultural integrity. The study concludes that translators must act as intercultural mediators, employing interpretive and context-based approaches to convey the spiritual essence of Arabic gharīb lexemes. Ultimately, untranslatability is not absolute but negotiable through culturally informed translation practices.