A multi-criteria framework for prioritizing performance indicators for carbon capture technologies: a hybrid Fermatean fuzzy decision support approach

Achieving net-zero emissions demands the strategic deployment of carbon capture technologies (CCTs) supported by transparent and reliable assessment frameworks. This study introduces an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach that unites the Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) and the Fermatean Fuzzy Full Consistency Method (FF-FUCOM) to prioritize performance indicators of CCTs across technical, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. A systematic literature review and targeted expert consultations are employed to identify, refine, and validate critical indicators relevant to industrial applications. The proposed hybrid Fermatean fuzzy framework effectively mitigates the limitations of subjectivity and inconsistency inherent in traditional weighting methods by enabling the coherent translation of linguistic judgments into quantifiable, consistency-checked weights. It is important to note that this study does not aim to select or rank specific carbon capture technologies; rather, it focuses on prioritizing the evaluation criteria that underpin informed CCT assessment and future technology selection. Empirical findings reveal that integrating economic feasibility with environmental considerations yields more balanced and actionable priorities for sustainable CCT implementation. The results demonstrate the stability and interpretability of the combined FF-SWARA–FF-FUCOM model, providing decision-makers with a robust and replicable tool for indicator-based evaluation. By bridging expert insight with advanced fuzzy logic, this research advances methodological rigor and practical applicability in carbon capture assessment, offering a scalable decision-support mechanism for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to accelerate the transition toward carbon neutrality.