ZnSnO _3– Ecoflex/LDH–PU Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Motion‐Activated Battery‐Free Smart Street Lighting

The development of efficient and durable energy harvesting systems is essential for next-generation smart infrastructure. Conventional polymer-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) suffer from low dielectric constants and limited polarization, restricting output and lifespan. Here, we present a ZnSnO₃-doped Ecoflex and layered double hydroxide (LDH)-reinforced polyurethane (PU) nanofiber-based TENG, forming a synergistic triboelectric interface. ZnSnO₃ enhances dielectric response and surface charge generation, while LDH-PU nanofibers improve charge retention and polarization stability. The optimized EZ1/PL5-TENG delivers 186 V peak voltage, 5.6 µA peak current, and 8.84 µC/m² surface charge density, maintaining stable performance over 20,000 cycles. The device efficiently converts biomechanical motion into electrical energy, as demonstrated in both wearable flexion sensing and a motion-triggered, battery-free street lighting system that directly powers LEDs. This scalable, flexible TENG platform offers high output, long-term durability, and practical applicability, highlighting its potential for sustainable smart city illumination, sensing networks, and self-powered electronics.