Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on Food and Bread Products in Nigeria

The Russia–Ukraine war has caused substantial disruptions to global food supply chains, especially for wheat and other staple commodities. Russia and Ukraine are major exporters of wheat and agricultural inputs, which are critical to global food availability and price stability. Since the conflict began in February 2022, there have been export disruptions, increased transportation costs, and heightened price volatility in grain markets. Nigeria, which relies heavily on imported wheat for bread and food products, has been particularly affected. The study shows that the Russia–Ukraine war greatly raised Nigeria's wheat import expenses, leading to higher bread prices and smaller products. These cost increases were passed on to consumers through the flour milling and baking industries, leading to higher bread prices and lower affordability. The findings underscore the interconnectedness of global markets and the far-reaching impacts of geopolitical conflicts on food security in vulnerable countries like Nigeria. It is crucial for policymakers to consider these implications and work towards building more resilient and diversified food supply chains to mitigate future disruptions. further show that price increases have disproportionately impacted low-income households, thereby worsening food insecurity. The main conclusion drawn from this research is that geopolitical conflicts can have direct and significant effects on food availability and affordability in developing countries. It is imperative for governments and international organizations to address these issues through coordinated efforts to ensure food security for all populations. is that Nigeria’s dependence on imported wheat increases exposure to external shocks. The study recommends that Nigeria strengthen domestic production, diversify import sources, and build food system resilience.