Symbiosis and Empowerment: How Logistics Parks Drive Sustainable Development in Cross-Border Agricultural Supply Chains—A Hybrid Analysis Based on SEM-fsQCA

Logistics parks are increasingly acting as coordination hubs in cross-border agricultural supply chains (CASCs), yet evidence on how park-enabled governance mechanisms translate into sustainability remains limited. This study examines the drivers of CASC sustainability within the context of logistics parks in Henan, China, and assesses whether the dominant park type conditions these effects. A total of 385 valid questionnaire responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). SEM results show that symbiotic environment cultivation is the strongest predictor of sustainability, while interface mediation efficiency and safety also significantly support cross-border circulation. The moderating role of dominant park type is supported only for the interface and sustainability link. fsQCA further identifies three equifinal configurations leading to high sustainability, indicating that strong environmental cultivation and interface efficiency can compensate for weaker elements under certain combinations. These findings clarify how logistics parks enable economic, environmental, and social value creation in CASCs and provide actionable levers for park management and policy design.