<scp>RNA</scp> ‐binding protein <scp>RBMS1</scp> : A new target for cancer diagnosis and treatment

Abstract RNA‐binding motif single‐stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1) has emerged as a critical post‐transcriptional regulator with a context‐dependent dual role in tumorigenesis. This review systematically summarizes the diverse clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of RBMS1 across major malignancies. In glioblastoma, lung cancer, and triple‐negative breast cancer, RBMS1 functions as a potent oncogene, driving tumor progression and therapy resistance by inhibiting ferroptosis (e.g., via the SLC7A11 axis), stabilizing PD‐L1 to promote immune evasion, and facilitating metastasis through the m6A‐reading machinery. Conversely, in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer, RBMS1 exhibits tumor‐suppressive properties, where it promotes ferroptosis by downregulating GPX4 or inhibits metastasis by stabilizing tumor‐suppressive transcripts such as AKAP12. The article highlights the complexity of RBMS1's regulatory networks, which involve mRNA stability, translation modulation, and interactions with circRNAs and signaling pathways like c‐Myc and ERK/MAPK. Finally, we discuss the potential of RBMS1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, proposing future directions for precision medicine strategies.