Cost Analysis of Concrete Recycling in Road Works: A Case Study on Circular Economy in the Construction Sector

Abstract The integration of recycled materials into technical solutions for new constructions and the rehabilitation of existing infrastructure remains a significant challenge in the transition towards a circular economy. This paper examines the feasibility of using recycled concrete in road infrastructure projects, considering the characteristics of Romania’s aging building stock, which predominantly consists of reinforced concrete structures. A case study was conducted to assess, from an economic perspective, three scenarios for constructing a shape layer for a county road: without recycled material, with partial use (50%) of recycled concrete, and with full utilization of recycled concrete. The results indicate that the scenario involving the complete use of recycled concrete offers the most cost-effective solution per linear meter. While the conclusions of this case study are limited to the specific conditions analyzed, they provide valuable arguments for incorporating recycled concrete into road infrastructure projects. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for extended research through additional analyses on a larger sample of reinforced concrete structures to validate the reuse potential of such materials under optimal technical and economic performance conditions. The development of the market for recycled materials, including their application in transport infrastructure, can lead to significant cost savings in both construction and maintenance, thereby supporting the objectives outlined in the national circular economy strategy. Future research could focus on the simulation and assessment of sustainable materials, such as eco-concrete, in the context of their recycling and reuse in the construction sector.