The Role of Adverse Life Events and Socioeconomic Conditions in Depression Onset: Insights from a Qualitative Study in Outpatient Clinics

Drawing on qualitative data collected from participant observations and document analysis of 46 patients in two outpatient psychiatric clinics, the research examines the social situations and life events discussed during psychiatric interviews that are perceived as contributing to or protecting against depressive symptoms. These factors are categorized into three main groups: distal factors, such as socioeconomic disadvantages and adverse experiences during childhood and adolescence; proximal factors, including disruptive life events and precarious socioeconomic circumstances; and protective factors, such as economic, cultural, and social capital. This qualitative study highlights how psychiatrists and patients incorporate social factors into understanding and managing depression, reflecting a biopsychosocial approach. It reveals the significant role of social determinants in the onset and treatment of depression and emphasizes the need to integrate social considerations into public health and clinical practices to better address mental health challenges across diverse socioeconomic settings.