Phytochemical Analysis and Pharmaceutical Description of Anisomeles malabarica (L) Leaves: Phenolic Compounds Driving Bioactivity

Objectives: A perennial herb used for many years in traditional medicine, A. malabarica is the subject of this study, which compares the relative safety and economic viability of many naturally occurring Phenol compounds combined for therapeutic purposes. Methods: The current study utilises GC-MS, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds from A. malabarica leaf extracts. Using the latter crude extract, AMLE was extracted at an acidic pH in the presence and separation of phenolic components using ethanol as the solvent. Antioxidants were studied using H2O2, DPPH, and ABTS. An array of bacterial and fungal species was used to assess the antimicrobial capabilities using the agar well diffusion method. The purpose of characterisation was to determine the presence of functional groups and bioactive compounds. Findings: The Phenol leaf extract from A. malabarica exhibited dose-dependent antioxidant properties during this study, with IC50 values of 110.2 μg/mL for DPPH, 93.01 μg/mL for ABTS+, and 143.4 μg/mL for H2O2. HRBC membrane stability by 81.43%. A maximum of 15.5±0.7 mm of antibacterial activity and 8.4±0.56 mm of antifungal activity was found against P. acnes and A. niger. Twenty phenol extracts were detected by GC-MS analysis. The functional groups, amine salt, alkene, sulfonyl chloride, aromatic ester, and cycloalkane, were represented by the FTIR peak values. The best protection against A. aegypti and A. stephensi for 180 minutes at a dosage of 500 ppm of 100% dead larvae, 40%-90%, followed by 150 and 120 min. Novelty: The Phenol components of the leaf extract of A. malabarica possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities, making them possible targets for various diseases. Keywords: Antimicrobial, Anisomeles malabarica, aromatic ester, hepatoprotective, Phenol