Further constituents and bioactivities of Vietnamese <i>Euphorbia tirucalli</i> L

Building on our previous studies, the aerial parts of Vietnamese <i>Euphorbia tirucalli</i> were analysed for their phytochemistry <i>via</i> headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, column chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography. From the EA extract, 25 compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated <i>via</i> nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry, including a new tirucallane triterpenoid (tirucallenone A, <b>(1)</b>). The PE extract was found to be the most effective against Jurkat cells (IC₅₀ = 22.38 μg.mL^-1), while the aqueous extract was revealed to exhibit the highest <i>α</i>-glucosidase inhibitory capacity (I_eC₅₀ = 115.80 μg.mL^-1) and the highest intracellular ROS scavenging activity (<i>S</i> = 61.41%). The ROS scavenging and apoptosis-inducing effect studies on Jurkat cells indicated that these cells were killed <i>via</i> the sub-G1 cells accumulation, nuclei fragmentation, and intracellular oxidative stress modulation. Besides, gallic and 3,3',4'-tri-<i>O</i>-methylellagic acids were the most notable in cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells (IC₅₀ = 31.68 and 66.41 μM, respectively).