Adalimumab Therapy for Crohn’s Disease and Axial Spondyloarthritis in Latent Tuberculosis: <i>A bibliometric-systematic literature review</i>

The management of Crohn's disease (CD) using anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in tuberculosis (TB)-endemic regions poses major clinical challenges due to the risk of latent TB infection reactivation. This bibliometric-systematic literature review synthesised evidence from 17 peer-reviewed studies (2020-2025) evaluating adalimumab administered with concurrent prophylactic antitubercular therapy. Thematic synthesis and bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer demonstrated that adalimumab achieved 60-85% clinical remission in moderate-to-severe CD and axial spondyloarthritis while enhancing mucosal healing. However, 1-3% of patients developed active TB despite appropriate screening and isoniazid prophylaxis, revealing false-negative diagnostics and partial chemoprophylaxis protection. These findings highlight the need for region-specific frameworks integrating multimodal screening, targeted prophylaxis and ongoing clinical surveillance. Adalimumab remains a cornerstone biologic in TB-endemic settings, but its safe use requires adaptive, context-driven protocols emphasising vigilant risk mitigation.