Rounded triangular billiards

Fifty years ago, Leonid Bunimovich showed that convexbilliards could be hyperbolic, using billiards where the boundary consistsof straight segments and circular arcs such that the disks defined bythe arcs are contained in the billiard. Two well known examples withC1 boundaries, the straight and tilted stadia, have families of neutralperiodic orbits, and hence are not fully hyperbolic. We present theparameter space of the fully hyperbolic Bunimovich billiards formedby rounding the corners of the three integrable triangular billards. Byconstruction these have C1 boundaries and are convex.

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Publication Details

Journal
Explore Bristol Research
Published
2026-03-03
Primary Topic
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Type
article
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article

Rounded triangular billiards

Carl P. Dettmann
Explore Bristol Research
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
article

Rounded triangular billiards

Carl P. Dettmann
article en

Abstract

Fifty years ago, Leonid Bunimovich showed that convexbilliards could be hyperbolic, using billiards where the boundary consistsof straight segments and circular arcs such that the disks defined bythe arcs are contained in the billiard. Two well known examples withC1 boundaries, the straight and tilted stadia, have families of neutralperiodic orbits, and hence are not fully hyperbolic. We present theparameter space of the fully hyperbolic Bunimovich billiards formedby rounding the corners of the three integrable triangular billards. Byconstruction these have C1 boundaries and are convex.

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Rounded triangular billiards — Carl P. Dettmann · Explore Bristol Research (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS