A Conceptual Framework for Pollution-Resilient Aluminium Façades: Introducing the Pollution Degradation Modifier (PDM)

Urban air pollution presents significant and escalating challenges to the long-term performance, safety, and durability of aluminium alloy façade systems. This perspective article proposes a conceptual framework to improve the durability of curtain walls in urban environments by exploring the interactions between airborne pollutants and their effect on aluminium materials. This paper synthesizes cross-disciplinary evidence and introduces a design concept, the Pollution Degradation Modifier (PDM), to conceptually integrate environmental stressors into standard code criteria. While not yet empirically validated, the PDM model outlines input parameters to guide future research and potential applications. Additionally, the study explores emerging mitigation strategies, including self-cleaning coatings, IoT-enabled monitoring systems, and smart façade technologies. The findings offer practical guidance for architects and structural engineers seeking to enhance façade resilience in high-pollution regions. Central to this research is the introduction of the Pollution Degradation Modifier (PDM), a new environmental load coefficient designed to support performance-based façade design responsive to site-specific pollution exposure.