A Spectral Operator Associated with Prime Numbers and the Riemann Hypothesis

We construct a family of self-adjoint operators T_{k,δ,ε} on a Hilbert space of functions defined on the set of prime numbers. We prove that the discrete spectrum of these operators, after taking appropriate limits (δ→0, ε→0) and averaging over the phase parameter k, coincides with the imaginary parts of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s). By self-adjointness, the spectrum is real, which implies that all nontrivial zeros lie on the critical line ℜ(s)=1/2. This is version 3.0, which includes substantial improvements over previous versions: • Added Lemma 3 (Poisson summation application) with complete proof. • Expanded Theorem 4 (Limit δ→0) with step-by-step rigorous justification. • Added Theorem 7 (Guth–Maynard control) showing that ∑|β−1/2|² e^{-ε|γ|} → 0. • Added Lemma 8 proving continuity of R(z,ε) and convergence to an entire function R(z). • Added numerical verification table comparing first 10 eigenvalues with Odlyzko's zeros (relative errors ∼10⁻⁵). • All previous typos and formatting errors have been corrected. The construction uses only elementary properties of prime numbers, classical functional analysis, and recent zero-density estimates (Guth–Maynard 2024). No a priori knowledge of the zeros is assumed. The complete numerical data, including all computed eigenvalues for N up to 10⁵ primes, and Python code implementing the matrix construction, are available from the author upon request and will be made publicly available upon acceptance of this work.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-02-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18726907
Primary Topic
Analytic Number Theory Research
Type
article
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article

A Spectral Operator Associated with Prime Numbers and the Riemann Hypothesis

Kirill Titov
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Analytic Number Theory Research
article

A Spectral Operator Associated with Prime Numbers and the Riemann Hypothesis

Kirill Titov
article en

Abstract

We construct a family of self-adjoint operators T_{k,δ,ε} on a Hilbert space of functions defined on the set of prime numbers. We prove that the discrete spectrum of these operators, after taking appropriate limits (δ→0, ε→0) and averaging over the phase parameter k, coincides with the imaginary parts of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s). By self-adjointness, the spectrum is real, which implies that all nontrivial zeros lie on the critical line ℜ(s)=1/2. This is version 3.0, which includes substantial improvements over previous versions: • Added Lemma 3 (Poisson summation application) with complete proof. • Expanded Theorem 4 (Limit δ→0) with step-by-step rigorous justification. • Added Theorem 7 (Guth–Maynard control) showing that ∑|β−1/2|² e^{-ε|γ|} → 0. • Added Lemma 8 proving continuity of R(z,ε) and convergence to an entire function R(z). • Added numerical verification table comparing first 10 eigenvalues with Odlyzko's zeros (relative errors ∼10⁻⁵). • All previous typos and formatting errors have been corrected. The construction uses only elementary properties of prime numbers, classical functional analysis, and recent zero-density estimates (Guth–Maynard 2024). No a priori knowledge of the zeros is assumed. The complete numerical data, including all computed eigenvalues for N up to 10⁵ primes, and Python code implementing the matrix construction, are available from the author upon request and will be made publicly available upon acceptance of this work.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Cook Research (United States) (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 42%
Analytic Number Theory Research
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A Spectral Operator Associated with Prime Numbers and the Riemann Hypothesis — Kirill Titov · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS