A high-performance onboard computing architecture for autonomous satellite mission planning

With the increasing demand for onboard autonomy in remote sensing and space missions, traditional ground-centered mission planning architectures face limitations in responsiveness and operational flexibility. To support onboard autonomous mission planning and data processing, this paper presents the engineering design and system-level realization of a high-performance Mission Planning Board(MPB) for satellite applications.The proposed MPB adopts a modular single-board hardware architecture and an extensible software framework, enabling the deployment and reconfiguration of mission planning, data processing, and health management applications on orbit. The hardware integrates a radiation-tolerant high-performance CPU, interface FPGA, and intelligent acceleration module, while the software architecture supports task scheduling, system monitoring, and reliable in-orbit operation. Comprehensive reliability measures, including redundancy design, fault tolerance mechanisms, and environmental adaptability, are incorporated to ensure suitability for space environments. Ground-based functional tests and environmental qualification experiments have been conducted to verify the correctness and robustness of the proposed design. In addition, the MPB has been deployed on orbit for engineering and system-level validation, demonstrating stable operation and functional feasibility. The results indicate that the proposed architecture provides a practical and extensible platform for enhancing onboard computing capability and supporting onboard mission planning–related computing and system-level autonomy in future satellite missions. This work focuses on engineering implementation and validation, rather than quantitative evaluation of specific mission planning or intelligent algorithms.