The role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of uro-lymphatic fistulas

Abstract Background Uro-lymphatic fistula is a rare condition caused by a communication between the urinary and lymphatic systems, secondary to parasitic infection or urolithiasis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography remains the only reliable modality for detecting such fistulas. Case presentation This manuscript is a case presentation of a stone-related urolymphatic fistula encountered during our clinical practice and diagnosed with computed tomography, showing the importance of urographic-phase images and prompt diagnosis. Conclusions The management of the majority of urolymphatic fistulas is conservative, and fistulas typically close spontaneously after treatment of the underlying condition. This case highlights the key role of computed tomography in the timely diagnosis and management.