Effect of multi-domain interventions delivered via a smart-care platform on intrinsic capacity in older adults: a randomized controlled trial protocol

In the context of ageing characterized by increased longevity but declining health, enhancing older adults’ intrinsic capacity, the composite of an individual’s physical and mental capacities, has emerged as a key strategy for promoting healthy ageing. Multi-domain interventions have been shown to effectively improve intrinsic capacity in this population. However, with the rapid growth of the elderly population, traditional intervention models face challenges such as resource imbalances and inefficiencies. Integrating multi-domain interventions with digital platforms offers a promising approach to enhance the intrinsic capacity of older adults efficiently and sustainably. To evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-domain intervention delivered via a smart-care platform in improving intrinsic capacity among older adults. This study protocol proposes a non-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of 130 older adults with declining intrinsic capacity will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive a 12-week multi-domain program delivered via a smart-care platform (including cognitive training, physical exercise, nutritional guidance, and psychological support), while the control group will receive routine health guidance (including health assessments and health counseling). Primary outcomes will encompass multiple domains, including cognitive capacity, psychological capacity, vitality, and locomotor capacity. Secondary outcomes will include self-care ability, quality of life, and eHealth literacy. Participants’ data will be collected at the initial baseline (week 0) assessment, with follow-ups scheduled for weeks 4, 8, and 12. This proposed study will evaluate the effectiveness of multi-domain interventions delivered via a smart-care platform in improving intrinsic capacity in older adults. If proven effective, this intervention could provide a scalable, highly cost-effective care model for resource-constrained settings, thereby optimizing care resources and advancing equitable healthy aging. This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) on September 17, 2025, registration number ChiCTR2500109335.