Cor Triatriatum: A Rare Congenital Cardiac Anomaly—Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Management

Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital cardiac malformation characterized by the presence of a fibromuscular membrane that divides the atrium into two chambers, interfering with normal cardiac blood flow. This anomaly is classified into cor triatriatum sinister, affecting the left atrium, and cor triatriatum dexter, affecting the right atrium. The clinical presentation varies widely, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe manifestations such as pulmonary edema, heart failure, and death. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography are the primary diagnostic modalities, while cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide additional anatomical detail in complex cases. Surgical excision of the membrane remains the definitive treatment, although minimally invasive and catheter-based interventions are emerging as alternative options in selected patients, particularly adults. This review summarizes the etiology, anatomical variations, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, prognosis, and management strategies of cor triatriatum, with emphasis on recent advances in imaging and treatment.