Experimental Research on Heat Dissipation of Li-Ion Cells Under Various Conditions

Battery electric vehicles are a new technology used in underground mining, and as such introduce new thermal challenges due to confined space in working environments where heat accumulation can affect safety and ventilation requirements. This study, as a continuation of previous research, investigates heat dissipation from four Li-ion cells—three with NMC chemistry and one with LFP chemistry—under controlled charging and discharging rates (0.25C–1C) and ambient temperatures (30 °C and 40 °C). Eighty calculations were conducted to quantify heat flow and overall heat losses using natural convection and radiation models. The results show that heat emission strongly correlates with current rate, with the maximum heat flow being observed at 1C, particularly during discharging. Total heat losses ranged from 0.5013% to 1.74% of stored energy, with NMC cells exhibiting higher dissipation than the LFP one. Ambient temperature had minimal influence compared to the C-rate. These findings provide essential data for estimating heat load from battery electric vehicles in underground mining and ventilation planning.