Sex-specific pain management and outcomes in pediatric elective posterior spinal fusion: a database review

Sex-stratified outcomes remain under-reported and inconsistently analyzed in AIS patients undergoing SF. Only 20% of studies provided sex-specific outcomes, and fewer reported both pain score and pain management data. Standardized reporting using uniform pain metrics and stratified analyses is needed to clarify differential pain trajectories and guide equitable, individualized perioperative care.