Green Start-Ups in Goa: A Framework for Sustainable Entrepreneurship

Sustainable entrepreneurship has become increasingly important as countries work toward greenerdevelopment pathways. Goa, known for its unique ecological diversity and tourism-driven economy, presentsstrong potential for green start-up emergence. This paper explores how sustainable entrepreneurship is evolvingin Goa by examining secondary evidence from government policies, environmental reports, academic studies,and publicly available start-up information. It identifies the major drivers influencing green start-up activity,including environmental awareness, consumer preference for eco-friendly products, regulatory emphasis onwaste management, and the rise of sustainability-oriented business models.A major contribution of the study is the development of the EISE Framework—Eco-Innovation andSustainable Entrepreneurship Framework, which consists of five components: eco-opportunity recognition,green resource mobilisation, sustainability-driven market differentiation, institutional influence, and ecoinnovation capability. Drawing on established theories such as the Triple Bottom Line, Ecopreneurship Theory,Institutional Pressure Theory, and Resource-Based View, the framework offers a conceptual structure foranalysing and strengthening green entrepreneurship in Goa.Findings indicate that green start-ups are emerging primarily in waste management, organic farming,renewable energy, eco-tourism, and eco-friendly consumer products. Challenges include limited funding, skillgaps, weak market linkages, and the absence of specialised incubation for green ventures. The study concludesthat strengthening institutional support, improving access to sustainable technologies, and expanding policyincentives can advance Goa’s green entrepreneurial ecosystem.