BiFeO3 Nanoparticles as a Versatile Catalyst for One-Pot Synthesis of 6-Aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil and Its Antimicrobial Evaluations

6-Aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil was efficiently synthesized using an aromatic aldehyde, thiourea, and BiFeO3 nanoparticles as a flexible and eco-friendly catalyst. The compound’s antibacterial and antifungal properties were evaluated using the Muller-Hinton broth method against six microbial strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The synthesized thiouracil derivatives showed significant antimicrobial activity, especially when compared to the standard drug Amphotericin-B. This method offers several advantages, including shorter reaction times, higher yields, and environmentally benign conditions. It provides a green, cost-effective, and waste-free route for synthesizing biologically important thiouracil derivatives under simple, reflux-based conditions.