Development and Assessment of Novel 1,4,5-Trisubstituted Triazole-Benzenesulfonamide Compounds for Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity

In this study, a series of novel 1,4,5-trisubstituted triazole-benzenesulfonamide derivatives 8a–8j were synthesized and structurally characterized using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial potential of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against Escherichia coli (MTCC 443), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 109), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Among the tested compounds 8b, 8e, 8f, 8i, and 8j demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. Notably, 8f exhibited the highest potency against E. coli (MIC = 7.9 µg/mL) and K. pneumoniae (MIC = 21 µg/mL), outperforming the standard drug Furacin (MIC = 25 and 50 µg/mL, respectively). Compound 8i showed optional activity against P. aeruginosa (MIC = 6.8 µg/mL), while 8b and 8j displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial profiles with low MIC values across multiple strains. These findings highlight the promising antibacterial properties of these novel triazole-sulfonamide hybrids, particularly 8f, 8i, and 8j, which warrant further investigation for potential therapeutic development. This study contributes to the ongoing search for effective antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.