Smart working in project-based organizations: a sociotechnical perspective integrating workforce agility and information system success

Purpose This study aims to investigate how smart working (SW) environments influence project success (PS) by analyzing the mediating roles of workforce agility (WA) and information system (IS) success, drawing on sociotechnical systems theory, the resource-based view and the DeLone and McLean IS success model. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study was conducted among 198 employees at the Italian branch of a leading global consulting firm, using a randomized sampling approach within a population of approximately 11,000 employees and a validated survey design controlling for common method bias. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test a comprehensive model encompassing 24 hypotheses derived from established frameworks. Findings The results confirm 23 out of 24 hypotheses, offering nuanced insights into the interplay between digital infrastructure and human agility. IS success – particularly through user satisfaction – exhibits a consistently positive effect on all PS dimensions. WA dimensions show differentiated effects: proactivity and resiliency positively impact PS, while adaptability exhibits a paradoxical influence – negatively affecting PS directly but positively when mediated by IS. Research limitations/implications The study is based on data from a single organizational context within the consulting sector, which may limit its generalizability. Future research should include cross-sectoral samples and longitudinal designs to validate causal inferences. Practical implications Organizations should invest in user-centered IS infrastructure while strategically recruiting and developing employees with high levels of proactivity and resiliency. Adaptability should be managed carefully, as its effects are context-dependent. These findings provide a framework for aligning human capital and technology in SW settings to enhance project performance. Originality/value This study introduces a novel integrative model linking SW, IS success and WA to PS. By reconceptualizing PS as a multidimensional outcome shaped by socio-digital interactions, it bridges gaps between traditionally isolated research domains and contributes new empirical evidence to the field of project management in digital work contexts.