Externalizing and internalizing problems in elementary school: gender, sociometric status and latent profile analysis

Mental health in childhood interacts with peer group relationships. However, research on the connection between peer status and variables of a heterogeneous nature such as internalizing and externalizing problems remains inconclusive. This study aims to assess sociometric status and its association with possible combinations of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as well as to explore gender differences. Cross-sectional data collected in a sample of 223 school-aged children (Mage = 6.54, SD = 0.31; 50.5% girls) from NW Spain were used. Results support gender differences in internalizing problems and Preferred and Controversial sociometric statuses. Likewise, a Latent Profile Analysis revealed four profiles according to the difficulties found in the sample: Internalizing, Normative, Externalizing and Comorbid. Rejected status was associated with higher probability of belonging to the Comorbid symptomatology profile, whereas Externalizing and Internalizing profiles stood out in the Average status. This study underscores the relevance of considering sociometric status in identifying subgroups at risk for emotional and behavioral problems in order to move toward more effective prevention.