A novel scoring system for predisposing factors influencing surgical outcomes: comparing the endoscopic endonasal approach and transorbital approach for trigeminal schwannoma

Radiological features, particularly tumor location relative to the OOL and internal carotid artery displacement, significantly influence approach selection and surgical outcomes. The proposed scoring system provides a structured framework for optimizing preoperative decision-making and patient selection. While the ETOA demonstrated superior outcomes for MCF tumors, the EEA remains essential for cases with extracranial involvement.