Flooding in the Tamanduateí River Hydrographic Basin: A Spatial and Multifactorial Analysis

ABSTRACT Understanding the occurrence of urban floods and their conditioning factors is essential for effective management of urban watersheds. However, few studies have explored the spatial variability of these factors in detail. This study investigates the spatial relationships between conditioning factors and flood occurrences in the Tamanduateí River Basin, São Paulo, Brazil. Multi‐source geospatial data were integrated to analyze spatial patterns using kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation, and geographically weighted regression at multiple scales. The results reveal strong spatial dependence and highlight the combined influence of environmental factors on flood susceptibility. Flatter, highly urbanized areas exhibited the greatest concentration of flood hotspots, confirming the importance of local topographic control. These findings contribute to a better understanding of spatial heterogeneity in urban flood dynamics and provide a replicable methodological framework for identifying high‐risk areas, supporting more precise and spatially informed mitigation and adaptation strategies in rapidly urbanizing regions.