A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study of Bidirectional Causal Relationships Between Pain and Mental Disorders

These findings demonstrate structured, pain - type - specific bidirectional relationships between pain and mental disorders. Clinically, they support phenotype-informed screening and management strategies, including targeted assessment of depression and anxiety in patients with high-risk pain conditions and proactive evaluation of pain symptoms in patients with mental disorders, to facilitate earlier risk stratification and integrated care.