“Overview of Global Challenges in Dealing with Neonatal Sepsis and Responsibility of Healthcare Workers”: A Narrative Review

Neonatal sepsis, a global health concern, contributes significantly to neonatal mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It manifests as early-onset sepsis (EOS), late-onset sepsis (LOS), and very late-onset sepsis (VLOS), with varied etiologies and risk factors, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal infections. High-income countries (HICs) have successfully reduced neonatal sepsis mortality through advanced diagnostic tools, antibiotic stewardship, and infection control practices. However, LMICs face persistent challenges, including inadequate healthcare infrastructure, poor access to quality care, and rising antimicrobial resistance. This narrative review aimed to address the global disparities in the incidence, mortality, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal sepsis, emphasizing the critical role of healthcare workers. The review highlights the pivotal responsibilities of healthcare workers in early diagnosis, infection control, and education. Strengthened healthcare systems, capacity-building initiatives, and stringent infection control measures are imperative to mitigate neonatal sepsis and its associated mortality globally. This review emphasizes the urgent need for collaborative global efforts to address these challenges.