Noise-induced Hearing Loss Among Dental Personnel in a University Hospital: Occupational Noise Exposure and Lifestyle Factors — A Cross-sectional Analytical Study

Sensorineural hearing loss is influenced by multiple factors, with occupational noise exposure being the key contributor. Dental personnel are routinely exposed to high-frequency sounds from clinical instruments. Although average clinic noise levels are typically below the 85 dBA threshold, cumulative exposure and high peak levels may increase the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). This study assessed the workplace noise characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors for NIHL among dental personnel. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 184 staff members at a university dental hospital. Data collection included questionnaires, otoscopic examinations, pure-tone audiometry, and workplace noise measurements. Hearing loss was identified in 30.4% of the participants. Individuals over 30 years of age and those who consumed tobacco and/or alcohol had significantly higher risks (odds ratio = 2.93, 5.81, and 3.21, respectively), whereas caffeine consumption showed a protective association. Technical and maintenance staff were exposed to higher peak and high-frequency noise than clinical or administrative staff, with 8-h time-weighted averages ranging from 64.3 to 68.9 dBA—all below occupational noise exposure limits. Occupational noise exposure and lifestyle factors contributed to NIHL among dental personnel. Preventive strategies should integrate engineering controls to reduce peak noise alongside health promotion targeting modifiable risks, such as tobacco and alcohol use. Early detection and implementation of hearing preservation strategies are essential to reduce the prevalence of NIHL in dental professionals.