Systematic Literature Review of GPS-based Multi-Objective Environmentally Friendly Shortest Path with a Proposed Lexicographic Framework

Environmentally friendly path planning has become an important topic in transportation research as concerns about carbon emissions continue to grow. This study aims to review existing research on environmentally friendly shortest path problems and to identify the current state of the art in green shortest path optimization. A Systematic Literature Review is conducted using the PRISMA guideline and supported by bibliometric analysis to examine research trends and optimization methods discussed in the literature. The review indicates that most studies focus on metaheuristic and artificial intelligence–based approaches, while deterministic methods with explicit objective prioritization receive less attention. Based on the synthesis of previous studies, this paper discusses emerging research directions and outlines a conceptual framework for priority-based multi-objective shortest path optimization. The results of this review provide a clear overview of current methods and can support future research on eco-friendly shortest path models.