A phenomenological approach to spastic movement disorders: an international expert panel consensus
This framework for classification of SMD aims to establish a common language for describing clinical phenotypes. By adopting a phenomenological approach, we underscore the importance of consistent descriptors and propose a systematic classification method for movement disorders, particularly spasticity. We hope this unified terminology will enhance clinical practice, research, and ultimately, patient care.
Authors
- Rajiv Reebye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-9401)
- Raymond L. Rosales (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6387-1389)
- Peter Sanderson
- Jörg Wissel
- Per Ertzgaard
- Gerard E. Francisco
- Bo Biering-Sørensen
- Jorge Jacinto
Institutions
- Linköping University (SE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Lancashire (GB)
- Wittenberg University (US)
- Glostrup Hospital (DK)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Centro de Medicina de Reabilitacao do Alcoitão (PT)
- University of Santo Tomas (PH)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Neurology
- Published
- 2026-02-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-026-13703-6
- Primary Topic
- Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- Eisai
- Sun Pharma
- Ipsen