Utilizing Internet of Things in Human-Building Interaction to Support Sustainable Built Environments

Human-Building Interaction (HBI) is an emerging field that enhances building design, construction, and operation by facilitating interactions between occupants and buildings. HBI supports managers and occupants in achieving energy efficiency, sustainability, and improved livability, driving the evolution of smart buildings. The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates diverse building systems into networks of connected devices, generating data that informs adaptive responses to occupant needs and promotes sustainable operations. This survey reviews the role of IoT sensors in HBI, emphasizing their potential to improve communication between buildings and occupants to achieve sustainability objectives. It examines how sensors can be used to generate actionable insights, helping stakeholders meet sustainability goals. To provide a focused analysis, this review is constrained to the two most prominent sustainability objectives identified in global standards: energy efficiency and health and well-being. We identify key factors, sensor types, and benefits shaping sustainable environments. Furthermore, we describe HBI advancements supporting sustainability, alongside challenges regarding IoT integration, occupant engagement, and system constraints. Finally, this review situates IoT sensors within HBI, linking human-building engagement and sustainability goals to provide a comprehensive understanding of their role in shaping smart, adaptive, and sustainable buildings.