Short-term PM2.5 air pollution and “deaths of despair” in Michigan, 2006-2016: a case-crossover study

While we did not find overall statistically significant associations of PM[Formula: see text] exposure with mental health-related mortality, our results suggest that there might be possible associations of cumulative extreme levels of PM[Formula: see text] exposure over one week. As suicide, alcohol-related mortality and overdose are the end of a long cascade of events and factors, future work might test lag associations with non-fatal mental health-related episodes or assess individuals' exposure directly.