Integrating circular economy and frugal innovation for social inclusion: a multi-case study

Purpose This study aims to propose a new framework that integrates circular economy (CE) strategies into frugal innovation (FI) to enhance social inclusion, particularly in underdeveloped markets, by demonstrating the potential for sustainable and socially equitable solutions across the product lifecycle. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a qualitative approach, using multiple case studies supported by semi-structured interviews and secondary data, to investigate how the integration of CE principles within FI can promote social inclusion. Findings The findings show that combining CE and FI strategies can generate 27 social impacts, including job creation, improved living conditions and equitable access to affordable products, particularly benefiting low-income populations. Research limitations/implications The study’s scope is limited to a specific set of case studies within the Brazilian context, and further research is necessary to test the framework’s applicability across diverse economic and geographic settings. Practical implications The research offers practical insights for businesses and policymakers aiming to develop socially inclusive and resource-efficient products, especially for markets at the base of the pyramid. Social implications The study emphasises the importance of affordable, accessible products in promoting social inclusion, reducing inequalities and fostering sustainable development in economically disadvantaged communities. Originality/value This study contributes a novel theoretical framework that addresses the gap in literature concerning the integration of FI and CE strategies, highlighting their combined potential to foster social inclusion.