The structure of personality in Parkinson’s disease and the effects of age, years since diagnosis, and impulsivity

These findings reveal subtle but systematic alterations in the structural organization of personality traits in PD. Specifically, we observed a polarity-based overlap between H and A, possibly reflecting age-related convergence of the two traits-consistent with a recent study reporting similar effects in healthy aging-and a bifurcation within O centered on the Unconventionality facet, a trait often considered idiopathic in PD, even in its prodromal stages. These personality signatures may contribute to a refined clinical profiling of PD patients and support the value of incorporating personality assessment into personalized care approaches.