Research on the Evaluation Method of Design Elements for Cardiovascular Clinics Based on the Pad Model

Abstract Background This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the design elements that critically influence users' emotional experiences within medical spaces, with particular emphasis on their profound impact on emotional intervention and physiological protection. By systematically quantifying the multi-dimensional emotional demands of both medical practitioners and patients in clinical environments, the research constructs a scientifically rigorous spatial evaluation system. Purpose This framework directly addresses the significant limitations inherent in the traditional, purely function-oriented design paradigm, providing quantifiable decision-making data for the design of medical spaces and creating healthcare environments that more actively promote psychological comfort, alleviate anxiety, and facilitate mental health recovery for cardiovascular patients. Methods The investigation employed a rigorous multi-phase methodology. First, CiteSpace was used to collect and screen clinic room design elements. Second, targeting cardiovascular high-risk populations, the PAD semantic scale was applied to evaluate these design elements. Finally, leveraging advanced computational techniques, a sophisticated random forest algorithm was implemented. This machine learning method effectively established a predictive mapping model, delineating the complex relationships between cardiovascular clinic space design elements and the three-dimensional PAD emotional framework. Results The analysis revealed clear mapping relationships between cardiovascular clinic design elements and the PAD emotional dimensions. Crucially, the random forest model generated a quantifiable ranking of design elements based on their relative importance in influencing specific emotional states (Pleasure, Arousal, Dominance). This granular insight reveals which environmental factors hold the greatest potential for enhancing positive emotions like calmness and safety (high Pleasure), managing over-stimulation or under-stimulation (optimal Arousal), and empowering users by fostering a sense of autonomy and control (high Dominance)—these factors are directly linked to reducing stress and improving mental health outcomes within clinical settings. Conclusions This study bridges the gap by transforming the original design elements and emotional experiences within healthcare environments into operational, quantitative indicators. The developed spatial evaluation model and the identified importance ranking of design elements provide concrete, scientific references for architects, interior designers, and healthcare administrators. By prioritizing those design interventions proven to positively impact the three PAD dimensions, subsequent medical space design not only meets the physiological needs of patients but also creates a therapeutic environment that alleviates patient distress, reduces staff burnout, and holistically supports the psychological and emotional health of all users, thereby enhancing the overall quality and humanistic care of nursing services.