Outcome-Based Self-Directed Learning (OBSDL) in Pharmacology in the Indian Context: A Convergent Mixed-Method Study

The OBSDL effectively enhances learning outcomes in the field of pharmacology. Various SDL skills, like self-learning skills, metacognition, collaboration, autodidactism, application, and experiential learning, have emerged from thematic analysis, which are essential for lifelong learning. The qualitative method has added understanding of students' perspectives. A judicious placement of various teaching-learning methods designed based on the complexity of the topic may offer a comprehensive outcome-based approach within the Indian CBME.