Proteomic dataset of MECP2-deficient and wild-type human brain organoids under spaceflight and ground conditions

This dataset contains mass spectrometry-based proteomic profiles of human brain organoids cultured on Earth for 30 days, then maintained aboard the International Space Station (ISS) for an additional 30 days, with matched ground controls that remained on Earth for the equivalent duration. Brain organoids were derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines: Q83X, carrying a nonsense mutation in MECP2 from a male patient with Rett syndrome, and WT83, derived from the patient's unaffected familial control. Rett syndrome is a severe X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in MECP2, which encodes Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, a critical epigenetic regulator. The spaceflight experiment was conducted using cryovials with automated control maintenance. Deep proteome coverage with approximately 6,000 protein groups was inferred from 56,639 peptides. This dataset provides unique insights into how the space environment affects human neural tissue and MECP2-related pathologies, serving as a resource for understanding spaceflight-induced neurological changes and as a steppingstone for future space missions.